TRENDING

S+

2011-01-14

This is basically about a group called ICA who one day show up at school and took Akane away telling her to provide information about her brother Akihei but she refuses to. After a while she changed her mind and agree to help them because she only wants Akihei to herself.

Yu-gi-oh! R

2011-01-14

Mutou Yugi defeated Pegasus at Duelist Kingdom. Now Pegasus's heir, Tenma Yakou, wants revenge. He takes over Kaiba Corporation while Kaiba Seto is in America.He challenges Yugi to a duel and wins using a spectacular but mysterious god card, and then ki

Get Love!!

2011-01-24

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. [From Condensation]:Sagara Yuki is a high school student who's shorter than all the other guys in his class. Moriyama Miki is the girl who admires him despite his small stature. Follow the hijinks and the romance between Sagara and Moriyama as they become closer and conquer the obstacles to their love! Was soccer mentioned?This is a super cute and funny manga. Volume 01 is a prequel to the actual series which begins in Volume 02.

Bukiyou na Silent (Yaoi)

2011-02-11

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Toono Satoru was just asked to go on a date by Tamiya Keigo, but all Satoru does is stare blankly at him without saying a word. The truth is that Satoru is so happy right now he could burst! He's had a crush on Tamiya for the longest time and never thought the feelings might be mutual. Unfortunately for Satoru, his emotions never show on his face and he barely ever talks. Naturally, this causes all sorts of misunderstandings. Will he be able to express his true feelings for Tamiya? Will Tamiya ever learn to read Satoru's expressionless face?

MAX

2011-02-11

Namu goes to a school where all the elites gets idolized by the 'non-elites'. From models to computer geniuses, these students make tons of money on their own! Because the school gates are always crowded by screaming fans of these elites, it is difficult for Namu to get to class on time. One day, however, a new transfer student helps Namu out in her morning predicament. Guess who gets categorized as an elite almost immediately?

Kagami no Kuni no Harisugawa

2011-07-14

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. "Boys are creatures whose sight will follow the girl they like wherever she is. And if there it comes the chance that the boy realizes that the girl is in danger, if he is able to save her they will feel the ultimate bliss in life" is something that Harisugawa Tetsu has pointed out, and true enough he has always been following with his eyes the girl named Satomi Mao.Thanks to certain details in their childhood, Satomi has always been friendly with Harisugawa and she has a friendly budding relationship, completely unaware of Tetsu's feelings for her. Tetsu for his part preferred to play the friend part and keeps his feelings hidden for the sake of not endangering the closeness that they already have, ever since he was young Tetsu had believed that if he can build little by little a good relationship with Mao, he will get to the point where he can confidently confess to Mao and not get rejected, Tetsu has always been waiting for his one true chance without getting too close to Mao by accident.At first it seems that this "stalemate" will never be broken; however, one day Mao sees a strange mirror in an thrift store and for some reason she feels that she must have that mirror. Mao buys the mirror without thinking twice about it.... But she is completely unaware that the mirror will change forever Tetsu's life as well as her own.

Sora Ga Haiiro Dakara

2012-07-08

From MangaHelpers: A collection of short stories. The first volume contains stories about... - A lonely woman who works part-time, and who has crippling social anxiety that leads to misunderstandings. - A girl who is 'dumped' by her close friend. - A single mother who struggles to understand how to make her daughter happy. - A girl who desperately wants to buy a dress that she thinks could change her life. ... and many more! [tethysdust]

Dragon and Weed: Origins - The Fallen

2013-02-02

We're in 2053, two weeks after Outbreak , Dragon and Weed are now parties to the SAUN. Ships with their new and old allies on a mission to locate the terrorist called "White Mask" and soon be facing new enemies: The Fallen. Season 1:> Dragon and Weed: Origins - OutBreak(http://www.batoto.net/comic/_/sp/dragon-and-weed-origins-outbreak-r6901)

Chrono Monochrome

2014-05-23

not found...

Gion no Tsugai

2015-03-31

In the land of Gion, the capital of Japan, a mysterious "divine power" has brought about great prosperity. It is a power that only brings about changes in girls in the form of turning them half-animal, a sign that they are servants to a god, as well as granting them great power. Some that are strong enough become "Onmyou" and fight evil. Others whose power have gone berserk become Orochi fated to bring death and destruction to man. It was once thought that those who became Orochi had to be slain with no hope of saving the helpless victim... Until a mysterious young man named Gion appeared to save one such girl. Will he be strong enough to fight the Orochi and bring an end to their terror?!

Beet The Vandel Buster

2011-01-14

It's the Century of Darkness where monsters known as Vandels rule the world, and the Vandel Busters are the only ones who can fight them. When a group of Busters are killed in battle, they pass on their magic Saiga weapons to Beet, making him the strongest Buster ever. But Beet won't just fight the Vandels--he wants to destroy them and finally end the Century of Darkness.

Element Line

2011-01-14

In a world filled with evil creatures called the "Rizoms" that threatens Kam's journey, a teenager who's said to be Laolyth's only son and a possible successor of this lost hero is... ?!

Ryouko no Shinrei Jikenbo

2011-01-14

Plot: Ryouko Midorikawa is a girl in her first year of high school. One day the cat she had raised and loved for 15 years suddenly dies. Although Pow hated water, he died drowning. Ryouko is lost in questions about the cause of his death. But from that night on, terrible things start happening everywhere around her!

Saiyuki Gaiden

2011-01-14

500 years before the story of Saiyuki, a heretic child with golden eyes is brought into Heaven. He is given into the reluctant care of a minor deity named Konzen, the nephew of the Merciful Goddess Kanzeon Bosatsu. Konzen eventually gives the child the na

Slow Step

2011-01-14

From Adachi's Universe:Slow Step follow the adventures of schoolgirl Minatsu as she looks for a man and tries to stay on top at school. She's got the school bully to worry about, two potential suitors, a pervert for a PE teacher, and a gang of criminals in hot pursuit.

Fetish

2011-02-11

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. A collection of short stories.

Blush-DC.

2012-04-16

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Akiyoshi Wataru is your average student. He attends cram school, hangs out with his friends and does what boys his age do: Go after girls. One day a particular girl, Iwashita Ayane, catches his attention in cram school, because of her red fingernail. Later in town he sees a familiar girl and follows her. But the girl enters an image club. A brothel that specializes on cosplay. What's more, one of the girls working there goes by the name of "Ayane". What does that mean? And what will Wataru do?

Hatsukoi Asterism

2016-08-19

From Chibi Manga:Minako entered in the same high school as her friend Shuu. And then she figured out that one of her classmate is the guy she loves: Takuma. She will have to make a choice between love and friendship.

Love Riron

2013-08-01

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Loser Yarahata Kanji can't even have a normal conversation with a girl let alone have any kind of relationship with one. But one day a ghost named Aiya appears and declares that he has been tasked with the mission to change Kanji's life. At this rate, the Yarahata name will not live on so Aiya will become a love doctor and coach him on how to develop relationships with girls.The first hurdle comes when he starts a part time job at a convenience store and sees that his co-worker is a hot girl named Yoshizato Saki who also happens to be the store owner's daughter. With the help of Aiya, Kanji, although stumbling along the way, has a conversation with her and builds a relationship. But he has miles to go if he wants to be the kind of person that can date beautiful women.

Salaryman Futsumashi Okumura Yukio No Aishuu

2013-08-26

not found...

Kigurumi Guardians

2014-05-19

From LuffyNoTomo:Hakka is a normal girl who's life gets turned around when an invader comes from another planet and large stuffed animals have come to protect the world from invasion. She, among others are chosen to be the guardians and team up with these stuffed animals to save the world! One strange thing other than them being stuffed animals, is that when the guardian and stuffed animal kiss - the stuffed animal turns into a handsome man!

Paradise Town

2014-11-21

Award-winning work.This pair of daughter-in-law and mother-in-law is far from ordinary!War is not the tragedy of the human race.The tragedy of all mankind is the impossibility of choosing one's parents and children.Life partners can be chosen. Not in-laws.But rest assured, the greatest tragedy of the human race is actually entertaining! Main Street in Elysium makes an amusing satire of our pains.The on-going mortal combat between Noriko and her mother-in-law who take up residence on Main Street. The wacky neighbors who bring their own craziness to the set. This hairy combination creates the dark world of Elysium. Beware: it's addictive.

Everyone's an Esper!

2015-07-07

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. The psychic comedy follows an ordinary (virgin) high school boy named Yoshirō "Yocchan" Kamogawa. His life changes overnight when he wakes up with the ability to read other people's minds. Yoshirō is not the only one to gain powers in his town. Teru-oichan, an (apparently virgin) worker at a café near Yoshirō's school, gains telekinesis — but he uses it for sex toys. Yōsuke Enomoto, a (probably virgin) senior and former basketball player at Yoshirō's high school, gains teleportation — but only while naked.[Source: ANN]

BB Project

2011-01-14

For a few years, the city of Kyoto has been the theater of a secret war opposing extreme Japanese teenagers lauding the exclusion of the gaijin (foreign people) outside of Japan, and others who defend their integration. In order to avoid an escalation of violence between rival gangs, both sides have agreed to sort out the gaijins’ fate for good in an underground tournament where the best fighters from each side will have to fight against each other. The "Black Boat Project," abbreviated as the "B.B. Project," directly links to commandant Perry’s “Black Boats”: the symbol of the arrival of the gaijin on Japanese soil…Reading direction: Left to RightFranck is a young Parisian who loves to fight. He arrives in Kyoto, supposedly to study… but mostly to charm Japanese girls and spend his money in video-game rooms, his vision of the “Japanese dream.” However, his real nature comes back very fast when Franck finds himself stuck in a fight opposing hooligans against the mysterious Megumi. Without knowing it, our hero is going to become a part of the B.B. Project…

Dear Green: Hitomi No Ounowa (Yaoi)

2011-01-14

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Volume 1:1-5) Hitomi no OunowaEight years ago, Yajima and Outomi met in high school, through Ryouko, Yajima's best female friend and Outomi's girlfriend at the time. Ryouko remained in their home town, but Yajima and Outomi moved to Tokyo and remained close friends through university, and after Yajima dropped out. Yajima feels comfortable with Outomi -- unlike with his girlfriend. Then one day Outomi kisses another guy just to see what it would feel like, and Yajima gets agitated beyond what seems reasonable for even a close friendship.Side story - xx HappierFeeling down in the dumps, Narusawa Atsuki goes for a walk and runs into fellow university mate Tsutsui Ryouji. Thinking that he is also down on his luck, he invites him for a drink.Volume 2:6-11) Hitomi no OunowaYajima is upset that Otoumi got smashed with Uchiyama.Extras:Stalking BabyThe last thing that the son of the owner of an eatery expects when he confronts a youth that has been stalking him is a confession. The Direction of DesireThe feelings regarding the kiss shared between Otoumi and Uchiyama from the latter's view.Volume 3:12) Yajima picks himself up after the snubbing from Otoumi. He tries to show that he means what he said. 13) Yajima starts his new job at the cafe near Otoumi's place.14) Otoumi runs into Ryoko when he goes to attend his sister's wedding. 15) Yajima waits anxiously for Otoumi's return from his sister's wedding. With time on his hands, he starts to ponder about his growing feelings for Otoumi. 16) Otoumi and Yajima go shopping for a mobile phone and run into Miura and her friend that was interested in Otoumi. 17) It has been 3 years since Yajima started working at the cafe near Otoumi's place, and he starts thinking about opening his own cafe. Just at that time, Otoumi comes across a very attractive ad for a shop-house.18-21) We catch up to Otoumi and Yajima in the present time as seen in Dear Green, and events continue on shortly after that.

Fake (Yaoi)

2011-01-14

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. From Tokyopop:Sanami Matoh's FAKE, a shounen-ai favorite, is the unlikely love story between two NYC cops--who both happen to be guys...Meet Ryo and Dee, two New York City cops with an attraction for action, and for each other! When Ryo, a soft spoken

Kirarin Revolution

2011-01-14

Kirari Tsukishima is a beautiful yet gluttonous 14-year-old girl. While those around her are worshipping the popular idol duo, SHIPS, she only devotes herself to food. One day, however, Kirari, who is dense when it comes to the matters of the heart, encou

Ryuuguuden

2011-01-14

Two brothers wearing bunnysuits hop on a phallic train and travel to a mysterious underwater brothel.

Stripe Blue

2011-01-14

Taken from ryColaa Scanlations:Meet Abo Ozawa, ace pitcher. He can’t seem to make up his mind, on or off the baseball diamond. Off the field, he finds himself pulled in either direction by two lifelong friends. On one hand, there is the cute-but-fiery

Yugo

2011-01-14

Yugo Beppu is a master negotiator and mediator. Fluency in five languages, Socratic wit, and a deep understanding of human nature combined with top-level international connections make him a formidable operator. When a woman's father is seized by Dacoit bandits in Pakistan, Mayuko seeks Yugo's help. After complex and dangerous negotiations, he secures his release. After this success Yugo is called in to deal with yakuza in Japan, triads in Hong Kong, the IRA in Northern Ireland, and the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs in Siberia. (Source: M-U)

17 Sai (KAMATA Youji)

2011-03-05

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Plot: This is the story of a terrible crime committed against a 17-old-girl, committed, in part, by 17-year-old boys. Why did such a thing happen? Why was no one able to prevent it?In the beginning, high school boys Hiroki and his friend Takashi are rescued from bullying by a notorious gangster, Miyamoto. At first, they are thrilled to be under his protection, and cheerfully run off anyone who threatens them with the mere mention of Miyamoto's name. Soon, they learn that there is a lot more to being in Miyamoto's gang than just being protected. In return, they're expected to offer loyalty and obedience, or face possibly deadly consequences. This becomes harder as the violence and the crimes they find themselves committing begins to escalate.One night, they kidnap a high school girl, Sachiko. Now Hiroki has two battles to face. Internally, he faces the dissonance between his sense of self-preservation and his conscience. Externally, Sachiko's twin sister Miki, who goes to Hiroki's high school, her parents and the police are searching for the missing girl. Will Sachiko ever return home? What kind of person--or monster--will Hiroki become? [tethysdust]

Kamisama Gakuen @ Armeria

2015-05-17

From : TcmangaYanagawa Rokuhana is a student from Armeria - a school where only 30 students are attending.Little did Yanagawa realized that she was actually the chosen one by God to protect the world from the almighty, God of the Death.Â

Omoni Naitemasu

2012-04-24

Konno Izumi, a beautiful life drawing model tormented with the unrelenting curse of her excessive beauty.Â

Hyperdimension Game Neptune ~Megami Tsuushin~

2012-09-06

There is a parallel universe called Gamindustri. A long time ago, in Gamindustri, a big incident took place. But the conspiracy of the 4 continent's Guardian Goddesses (Hard), crushed it and brought peace. This is the story of what happened after the Goddesses resolved the incident.Based on a video game series which pokes fun at several facts and details of the gaming industry; even to the point were character names are affected. For example "Neptune" is a reference to Sega's cancelled "Neptune" console.

Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

2013-03-26

Esoragoto Note

2013-06-30

not found...

Yurikuma Arashi

2014-03-26

The "intellectual fantasy" follows Kureha, a "transparent" high school girl who is plain and is barely noticed by others. Seemingly every night, she has a "dream about a bear and transparent storm." In this dream, her mysterious classmate Ginko Yurishiro appears in the form of a bear.

Rakudai Kishi No Eiyuutan

2014-04-14

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. In a time and place where one’s soul can be morphed into a weapon, there are modern-day magicians called Mage-Knights. Although Kurogane Ikki is a student at an institution that trains Mage-Knights, he has no particular talent in magic and is labeled the "Failure Knight" or "Worst One." Getting way less than average marks in the scorings, he was forced to repeat a year. But with the arrival of a new head of the institution, a new rule was created: knights whose abilities are compatible, as decided by the board, must share rooms and attend practice and training together throughout their school years to bring up their abilities to the max. It is a rule to implement the absolute verdict of ability. Ikki’s roommate, Stella Vermillion, turns out to be a princess of another foreign country. Stella is a Rank A knight: the type of genius in magic who only appears once a decade. When Ikki walked in on her while she was changing her clothes, it caused a huge misunderstanding (since neither yet knew of the new rule) which eventually ended up in a duel between the two of them. The punishment (or as some might see it, the prize) of the losing side is Eternal Submission to the winning side. Forced to live the same room and practice magic together throughout all their school years, how will Stella and Ikki’s relationship evolve?

Otome Sensou

2014-04-25

The story begins in 1420, right as what would be known as the Bohemian War began. A young girl named Sharka is raped and left for dead among the corpses of her whole town, but she manages to survive. She is picked up by the Bohemian forces, who put a gun in her hands and take her on board as a soldier. Will Sharka be able to fight and take her vengeance?

Elio And Yvette

2011-01-14

A real Romeo and Juliet love story. Two opposing Mafia bosses children, Elio and Yvette are in love, but the twist to the story is Yvette's brother is also in love with her!

Ichigo Channel

2011-01-14

[From Shoujo Magic]:Ichiko's brother Ken is willing to do whatever it takes to become an idol... including turning his sister into a boy to form the male idol group TRIJET! The third member of the group turns out to be Kanzaki -- the rising star who tried to kiss Ichiko on the street one day because she was such a cute girl! It's a good thing he doesn't recognize her when she's dressed as a boy, though, because Ichiko musn't tell anyone who she really is for the full year she's agreed to be part of TRIJET. But it's impossible for Ichiko to spend every waking moment as a male, and when she ventures onto the streets as a female, she bumps into Kanzaki again. To keep her identity a secret, she tells him her name is "Ichigo" ("Strawberry"). Having no idea that she's really TRIJET member "Ichigou" -- whom he detests -- or "Ichiko" -- the girl he almost kissed... Kanzaki begins to fall for "Ichigo"!

Koko Ga Uwasa No El Palacio

2011-01-14

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. A kid is hit by a truck and when he wakes up he is in a house with some crazy girls who call themselves El-Palacio? And he has to be a manservant?!

Mok Yuna's Honeymoon Diary Manhwa

2011-01-14

From Bamboo Garden-Mok Yuna's mother is the owner of the family Dojang (martial arts place) and she's strong as ever! Even the strong Yuna's beaten up easily by her merciless mother. After having her older sister Nan-Ah suffer due to an engaged marriage planned by her mother (read the prequel Moknanahui Honeymoon Diary), she's now to marry a Japanese gangster? Ryu Sein, her best friend, will save her oh yes he will- but will he be successful is the true question.

Saikyou! Toritsu Aoizaka Koukou Yakyuubu

2011-01-14

Six years ago, following a crushing defeat, a group of friends promised that they will one day take their friend Suzuo to the Koshien. Now in their first year of high school, the friends have reunited behind the pitcher Kitaro Kitaoji to keep their promise. With Suzuo as their manager and Kitaro's signature left-handed, underhand "Submarine Pitch," they may just go all the way.

Renai Joshika

2013-06-10

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Plot: Office Romance: Women's Division is about a group of women who all work in the same office.

Mahoutsukai No Neko

2011-11-01

Rio is a 14 year old boy with no particular special traits, except his burning love for books. He’s awkward and considered odd at best by his peers. Rio also has a twin brother, Mao. Although they look alike, they couldn’t be more different. Mao is good at everything, popular, and has future plans to have a big, happy family. Despite their differences, the brothers are close.One day, when Rio attempts to retrieve a cat that wandered into the street, he is hit by a car right in front of his brother’s eyes. Everything fades to black. In the darkness, a voice offers a choice: to live or to die. Fading rapidly, Rio gives the obvious answer: to live! Turns out this was quite the loaded proposition.Rio awakens in a world filled with foreigners and strange animals he’s never seen before. That’s not the only odd thing–Rio now has the form of a black cat! He quickly learns cats are revered in this world because of their special role as familiars of wizards.

Ibara no Ori (Yaoi)

2011-12-05

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. From Attractive Fascinante: Tsurugi met Katsuragi's father and Tsurugi is afraid senior Katsuragi might do something to the company he manages, Mishima Construction. But young Katsuragi thought Tsurugi wanted a break-up and told Tsurugi he would definitely protect him. Tsurugi always thought that their relationship is purely sexual, without any feelings involved. Now Tsurugi met with some troubles, will Katsuragi keep to his promise to protect him?

Girl Satellite

2012-08-01

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Petit Petit Tantan Petit Tantan

2013-04-23

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. not found...

Taihen Yoku Dekimashita.

2015-01-23

From Paper Dolls ProjectNonoyama whose friend is only a stuffed animal spent her elementary and junior high school years as a true truant because of neglect and bullying. Now having the chance to reset her life as a high school student in an out of town school, she's determined to make friends and enjoy her school life! However, her high school life is a rocky road from day one...

Race!on!

2015-01-20

‘Race!On!’ is a high-octane action/racing manga which pulls you into the fantasy land of Oracen, where magic and steam-driven technology co-exist. There are magical creatures, robots, monsters, and crazy people who wear pointy hats. The story follows Lyn – a mechanic who, by a twist of fate, finds himself entering a Magic Race – a dangerous competition where the objective is not only to outrun your opponents, but also to survive whatever explosives, magics and punches they might throw at you. In this crazy competition where anything can happen – you either finish first, or you don’t finish at all.

Amagami - Love Goes On!

2011-01-14

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Based on the visual novel by Enterbrain with the same name.Two years ago, Tachibana Junichi got his heart broken by a girl who didn't show up for a date on Christmas Eve. Now a second year student in high school, Junichi spends his days inside his closet planetarium, going to school and hanging out with his friends Tanamachi Kaoru and Umehara Masayoshi.After a chance encounter with one of the most beautiful girls in school, the third year student Morishima Haruka - or one of several other classmates - Junichi finds himself spending time with them and develops romantic interests towards them.

Dr. Rin Ni Kiitemite!

2011-01-14

Meirin, a junior high schooler, is the real identity of the famous "Dr. Rin" who heads a very popular feng sui website. She is in love with her best friend Asuka, a member of the soccer team. "Dr. Rin"'s advice has granted success for many, yet Meirin's own love life doesn't seem to be going too smoothly?An earlier work by the mangaka of the popular "Beauty Pop"!

Punch Up (Yaoi)

2011-02-02

The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Volume 1:1-2) Punch UpMotoharu is an openly gay, elite architect whose preference is the athletic, pretty boy type. While checking out the well-built construction workers at his favourite hunting ground the construction site, he found his missing wayward cat Shinobu. A hot-tempered, sarcastic, bratty ironworker named Kouta insists Shinobu is Nyata his cat. Will Maki be able to tame the vicious pet(s)? (features Misono from Mayou Otoko)3) Punch UpKouta feels uneasy after finding out about Motoharu and Shinobu's one night stand.4) Sweet TrainJunsuke presents Shinobu a trip to Sapporo by train as a belated birthday gift. (features Shinobu and Junsuke from Play Boy Blues)Volume 2:1-2) Punch UpMotoharu learns a little bit more about Kouta's past from the youth's ex-classmate.3) Ohki Kouta's InterviewA little interview detailing Kouta's job.4) Punch UpKouta runs into his brother's ex-partner and is made to remember his painful past.5) HoneymoonFukazu Yuya is going out with Kouta's brother who is a cross-dresser. This chapter focusses on Kouta's little known complicated past.