TRENDING
Spirit Migration 01
2015-01-21
one day a soul wakes up with no body or memories but finds out it can jump from body to body at will
Amanchu
2014-02-04
A 15-year-old girl living her life until another 16-year-old girl comes along. They find themselves becoming the best of friends as they each discover the wonders of their home. A story following the life of a care-free girl who loves the sea!From Baka-Updates:Hikari Kohinata is a cheerful 15 year-old girl who lives near the ocean and she spends much of her time diving as a result. On her first day of high school, she meets a teacher who also likes scuba diving. There's also a 16 year-old classmate, Futaba, who gets dragged along in Hikari's maelstrom as soon as they meet at school. Most of the manga so far details the relationship between the two girls, which quickly seems to move into romantic two girl friendship-territory.
Apocripha/0
2011-01-14
"The star, fallen from celestial, built a kingdom in the abyss. He cultivates rusted souls fallen into the abyss. The star was trying to build a beautiful land. And then, hundreds of million nights had gone. The king of the abyss was laid up. He tried wit
Baccano! 1931 The Grand Punk Railroad
2011-01-14
In 1711, a group of alchemists seeking eternal life gathered on a boat to summon the "demon" that held the secret. The demon agreed to give them what they wanted—an elixir of life, the method to create more, and the secret to ending their new-found exis
Benkyou No Jikan
2011-01-14
From Nagareboshi Manga:When Nao recieves a terrible grade on the latest test, there’s only one person to turn to: Andou-kun, the silent boy with his long hair covering his eyes. He gets great grades, and is semi-willing to help Nao out. Turns out that
Boku Wa, Onnanoko
2011-01-14
Collection of short stories:• He said "I'm a girl"• Rakuen ni Ikou (Let's go to the Paradise)• Shounen no Musume (Boy's Daughter)• The Theme of Akemi ver. Teruo• The Theme of Akemi ver. Yoshio• The Theme of Akemi ver. Haruo• The FlowerContains the Transient Son character Yuki.• Sweet 16A short, bittersweet story in which a girl realizes she's in love with her tutor, who's in love with someone else. The other main plot point is the main character's dread of the upcoming school marathon.
Fire Emblem - Hasha No Tsurugi
2011-01-14
Taking place on the fictional continent of Elibe and stars Roy, the son of Fire Emblem protagonist Eliwood. Roy leads the League of Lycia's army against the forces of the militant country of Bern shortly after his father falls ill.The story begins when King Zephiel, ruler of the kingdom of Bern, finishes the brutal conquest of Ilia and Sacae and sets his sights on Lycia. With the war coming to his own country, Roy is sent home to lead Pherae's army to oppose Bern, but soon after he meets Guinevere, the princess of Bern and Zephiel's younger sister, who has escaped from her homeland to search for a way to stop the imminent war between Bern and Lycia.Upon the death of marquess Hector, Roy carries on the Lycian League and makes many promises: to protect Princess Guinevere and Hector's beloved daughter, the mage Lilina, and most importantly, to save the entire continent from Zephiel's mysterious thirst for world domination.But this story's hero is Al, son of a Bernian blacksmith. After turning 15 he left his home with his father's sword to go on an adventure in this continent bound for war.Side story of Fire Emblem ~ The Binding Blade (Gameboy Advance Videogame).
Himitsu no Ai-chan
2011-01-14
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Plot: Reo is tomboy Aiko's rival, and Ai strives to beat him in everything - like basketball and popularity - but her efforts always fail with Reo always coming out on top. Then one day, she sees her break come through: her brother offers her a job at his maid cafe! But how will tomboy Ai ever be able to pass off as a cute maid? With a wig and a bit of makeup, this becomes possible. She's so much of a different person, even Reo doesn't recognize her! But things start becoming strange when Reo shows interest in her, asking out "Mai" on a date. Ai agrees, with plans in mind to get him to fall in love with her so she can later dump him. Will Ai finally win over Reo, or will her plan backfire just like her many others?
Kanojo wo Mamoru 51 no Houhou
2011-01-14
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. February 23rd, 20XX. Looking for a job in the famous TV station at Odaiba, college senior Jin Mishima attended the recruitment orientation. Not far away from the station, Nanako Okano, a gothic lolita trying to attend a concert, found out that her friends tricked her about the concert ticket because of jealousy. The two bumped into each other and reunited -- they were junior high classmates -- moments before an earthquake of Richter Scale 8.1 turned the island (the entire city, in fact) into ruins. From here on, 51 Ways is a predictable but remarkably believable survival adventure. Based on a well-researched novel by Minoru Watanabe, the series paints a picture not quite as explicit and horrifying as ones in other apocalyptic fiction, but one that is frightening in its detail. Like many of Furuya s other works, we are also shown just how fragmented and superficial Japanese youth has become: gals, rock stars, Gothic Lolita s, otaku, salarymen, ganguro, and schoolgirls are all here in their self-imposed stereotypical, shallow glory. But while the ugliness of the fragmentation of Tokyo youth is striking - these people all come together in the face of disaster in a way that is ultimately hopeful. When you strip off the posing and expensive clothing: we are all the same.In the end, 51 Ways is one of Furuya s most optimistic and mainstream works. It would make a lovely gateway drug for more timid independant comic readers or shoujo fans looking for something with a bit more bite.(Source: ANN & Anime Online)
Mahoromatic
2011-01-14
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. From Tokyopop:Mahoro is a battle android created by Vesper to defend the Earth against alien invasions.Having fought long and hard on behalf of Vesper, she only has 37 days left before she stops functioning. However, if they remove all her battle functions and equipment, Vesper can lengthen her life to 398 days. As thanks for her hard work, Vesper lets Mahoro choose how she would like to spend her remaining time.She chooses to work as a maid for a boy named Suguru Misato.
Max Lovely
2011-01-14
Best friends Tokieda Airi and Sahara Taki have had a happy junior high school life, but the mysterious group "F" begins to target them because they attract too much attention! "F" has already hurt many attention-grabbing students, and they begin their attacks on Airi and Taki by trying to split the best friends apart. When this method doesn't work, they sink even lower: they target Airi's sister Nako! Airi and Taki's beautiful school life has been ruined, and now they must race to reveal the culprits of "F"...
Metalica Metaluca
2011-01-14
In a world where rare metals drive the economy, "Minea", the people who seek out these metals at the risk of their own life, are highly respected. A strange boy called Ruka has wandered destructively into the failing town of Elza, declaring that his goal is to be a Minea! He ends up under the surveillance of a village girl, Shella, whose little brother is sick from a poison gas accident in the town's now-closed mine. But there may be more to this situation than meets the eye! Will Ruka be able to help his new friends, and maybe one day become a legendary Minea?
My Home Mirano
2011-01-14
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Mirano is a 20-year-old girl who loves to do house chores. In fact, she makes it her ultimate career. It's not as easy as many would think. She somehow feel like an actress because at certain times, she feels that she plays the role of a sister but other
Nae-soong 9th Grade Project Manhwa
2011-01-14
Who would have thought that Jung Areum, the beauty queen of school had a sister with no other hobby than stealing people's food?? Well thís girl is no other than Jung Daum, an unruly girl who eats and farts like no tomorrow and...her number one fan of hers is the popular school idol Jun-Ki!! And WHO would have imagined that Jung Daum is head over heels in love with him??!! But of course, things don't go that easy... cause cute and two-faced big sister likes him too!!
Pat-ken
2011-01-14
Another new series from JUMP SQ! By the end of the chapter, you'll understand where the title PAT-KEN comes from. This manga is about a boy named Hayabusa, who dreams of becoming a hero in the name of justice. Which is why he took up a part-time job actin
Tamago no Kimi
2011-01-14
Summary from The Little Corner:The planet of Salami is almost identical to planet Earth. Judging from the appearance, there is nothing different from Earth... Except... The sense of beauty is VERY different. Aimi is an orphan living with her step-mother and step-sisters, and she is what we consider as being beautiful, but what THEY consider as ugly. Yet, that does not end the story. Just by an accident, Aimi stumbles upon Earth and meets Kyou Naruse, a self-centered person or someone called.... The Narcissist. Our very own Cinderella Story... [except for the fact that Aimi s sense of beauty is ALSO different] or not.
The God's War
2011-01-14
BLOCKBUSTER SCI-FI CHI ACTION FROM THE AUTHOR OF PRIEST! Ton-up kids craziest leader Chiwoo prepared a big gang fight to celebrate his 17th birthday, but he finds his father prepared a bigger party as he promised when he left Chiwoo 10 years ago. The party starts with a sudden visit of the agents from the Central Incantation Center of Korea and its enemy, the Unions. Chiwoo is simply shocked by their spectacular Incantation War, but does not realize his power, the Mighty Spirit, the ultimate power these two countries would risk the war for. Which way will this birthday present lead Chiwoo to?
Bokutachi Otoko no Ko
2013-05-13
Plot: It's about two best friends, Tamio and Takashi. The development of a friendship to something more as they grow up.Living his life in rural Japan, Tamio is immediately intrigued by Takashi, the blond haired city boy who transfers into his elementary school. But Takashi is actually half Japanese, and despite his appearance he doesn't even know English and loves eating Japanese food even Tamio can't abide.Tamio and Takashi become friends, and despite his perplexity with Takashi's foreign appearance, Tamio quickly develops a strong attachment to the other boy. Tamio earnestly hopes that he and Takashi can stay friends forever. But Takashi remains dissatisfied with life out in the boonies, insisting that someday he's going to leave all this behind.Yet Tamio continues to hope and to do anything he can to ensure that Takashi will stay with him--or take him along--no matter where he goes in life, with an intense, endearing, wistful sincerity perhaps telling of sentiments more complicated than Tamio might think.
Milky Boy
2011-01-27
Plot: CheSuBin is a sparkling high school girl with a height complex; this, however, has launched her into the modeling industry. There is just one problem... she has to pose as a male model! What kind of misfortune has fallen upon her? For a girl who's under a lot of stress, it just might prove to be fortunate. And her fellow student and CF Model, GanUnKyuk, just might trigger her love someday: "For you to see my true feelings~ would my pitiful self end up hurting?!"
Chiisai Hitsuji Wa Yume Wo Miru
2011-01-27
Plot: Four years ago, Yuki's mother remarried to a man 7 years her junior, but due to mounting financial issues, her mother decides to divorce him and moves out. Meanwhile, Yuki realizes that she has feelings for her own stepfather...!?
Orange Yellow
2011-01-30
Fujino Miyuki and Mizutani Jun are childhood friends and next door neighbors. This is their short love story in a literature club.Also includes short stories:The Proof of Her LoveMagical ChocolateKatakoi HimeTear Potion
A Cat and A Bird
2011-02-11
Jin Young is a good student with good grades, but she has a little bit of an unstable mind. Hye Jung is a cheerful girl who helps out at her mom's "snack shop", a sort of small restaurant that offers light meals to diners. Both attended the same school, and both transferred to an independent-study private school, where they meet Si Hyung who is an instructor there. Si Hyung used to live in the same neighborhood with Jin Young when they were young, but he's surprised how Jin Young has changed into a cold person.
Hatskoi Shimai
2011-02-11
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. During a fateful visit to Tsunojo Girls' School, Chika Matsusato meets the girl of her dreams--cool upperclassman Haruna Kanzaki. Even though they spent only one short day together, Chika will never forget Haruna's kindness, and has made it her life's goal to study hard and get accepted into Tsunojo Girls' School so that they can be together. But will Haruna share Chika's feelings...?
Hyakujitsu no Bara (Yaoi)
2011-02-11
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Two soldiers from warring countries are bound by a pledge as master and servant. Taki Reizen is a Commander of sublime beauty, shouldering the fate of his nation. Called “Mad Dog†because of his rough temperament, Klaus has sworn his loyalty to him as a knight. Despite this, those around them are cold and disapproving, full of various misgivings. For all their genuine feelings, what will come of love made cruel by the violence of war? (taken from mangaupdates.com)
Mana
2011-02-11
Zion, a girl that is always taken advantage of by her friends because she is so shy and timid, is approached by two people who asks her strange questions about whether she believes in Confucianist moral doctrine and in the end she is bowing and performing sacrificial rites to ancestral gods. It's shocking enough that the daughter of a pastor is possessed by a ghost, but what's more shocking is that this ghost is a young oppa who sports a fashion that surpasses most of the outstanding looks of bachelors and rockers! From this day on, Zion's life changes forever. From a shy and unsuspecting high school student, she turns into an exorcist.
Peach Girl
2011-12-14
It's not easy being beautiful. The envy, the jealousy, the vicious rumors spread by your best friend. That's life for young Momo. While everyone thinks that Momo is a wild party girl, the reality is that she is just shy and lonely. Can Momo confess her love to her classmate, Toji, or will her best friend Sae steal him away? It's a bittersweet drama of growing up and fitting in that will charm readers everywhere.Won the 1999 Kodansha Manga Award in the Shoujo category.
Abnormal-kei Joshi
2013-02-06
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. From MangaHelpers:High schooler Shiina Shinya thinks that all girls are pretty much good-for-nothing, mostly because he doesn't understand them at all. That doesn't stop him from being surrounded by strange girls! Tsubasa Tooka, a cute, much-admired girl, stalks him. Shikimura Masami is majorly into masochism, and has recruited Shinya into her play sessions. Ikari Satsuki seems suspiciously interested in the recent serial stabbings, and seems to want to drag Shinya into it. Banjou Yoruko, a normally quiet, bookish girl, has decided she and Shinya are bound up in some fantasy setting. Uchida Yumeji is the school's sleeping beauty, who spends all of her time in the infirmary because she requires so much sleep. Shinya brings her newspapers, so she can keep up with current events in the short time she spends awake. Lastly, Okui Akane is convinced she is a vampire. For all Shinya knows, it could be true, but in practice it just means that he has to let her drink his blood. How will Shinya deal with all these good-for-nothing girls that complicate his life? [tethysdust]
Puella Magi Madoka Magica/Mahou Shoujo Lyrical Nanoha - Mado Nano CROSSOVER (Doujinshi)
2013-05-01
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. not found...
Dr. Duo
2013-08-13
From MangaHelpers:For Shinonome Keisuke, high school student Kotone Tasuku is the only person in the world whom he can communicate with. Once a brilliant surgeon, Shinonome passes away at a young age, only to wander the world as a ghost, a ghost that only Tasuku can see and talk to. When an accident leaves Tasuku’s hot childhood friend Takeuchi Mai’s younger brother severely injured, the only way that he can survive is if Shinonome and Tasuku work together to become the most unusual and possibly talented pair of emergency surgeons the country has ever seen! [vyc]
Sentou Hakai Gakuen Dangerous
2014-03-13
In this world, there exists individuals known as "Majin": supernatural beings able to wield unique powers. They live among the normal human beings, but the divide created between the Majin and the normal human race is severe. There exists a school known as Dangerosu, where the population ratio of Majin students exceeds that of any other high school. In this school, two groups known as the "Banchou Group" and the "Seitokai" face each other in war, but they have created a balance of power, resulting in a temporary peace. Now, with the inclusion of new students, this balance of power is about to collapse. One of the "normal" students, Ryouseiin Otome is forced to choose sides before the beginning of Armageddon.
Apart Mate
2014-06-10
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. What happens when there's a guy and a girl in a apartment?
THE iDOLM@STER - Million Live!
2015-03-11
14-year-old Kasuga Mirai is just another normal middle school girl in 4 clubs because she cannot decide on one. One day, she meets Mogami Shizuka, in the same year as her, on the school rooftop. From that point onwards, her life is changed to one with a goal: to be an idol!Note: It might be easier to understand if you have read/watched the iDOLM@STER 2.
Chiko No Negai
2011-01-14
[From ShoujoMagic]:Story 1) Chiko's Wish -Chiko is a young female sparrow in love with a human boy named Shuu. One day, the Grim Reaper suddenly shows up at Shuu's house and shocks Chiko by announcing that he's come to collect Shuu's soul. What can on
Doors Of Chaos
2011-01-14
Only the twins Clarissa (open) and Mizeria (close) control the Four Doors that protect the world from descending into chaos. When Rikhter, their guardian, kidnaps Clarissa, he weakens the Door of Chaos and demons begin to pour through, threatening to dest
Isshou Asonde Kurashitai
2014-02-24
High schooler Torii plans to get the girl, even if she is his teacher. The teacher plans to grow up and leave behind her basketball-playing youth. In basketball, planning and strategy can win the game, but is that also true for real life? -Baka Updates
Kaiouki
2011-01-14
Plot: he main character is Pan Gamma Vi Gen. He is the captain of the legendary black vessel. Pan Gamma Vi Gen is lazy and clumsy -- that is him when is resting. But once Pan decides to work, he is the best man available. Pan says things that normal people can hardly understand. And he doesn't say much, he only gives lots of clues.Everything starts when Captain Pan let Mia and Tuban Sanoo be aboard. Mia is a princess of a fallen country and Tuban is the best, people say, swordsman as well as strategist. Although Pan Gamma Vi Gen is the main character, it seems Pan, Mia and Tuban are the main characters as Mia and Tuban appear in all episodes. Mia is looking for science to restore her county, Ontana. Tuban is protecting Mia as the will of someone Tuban trusted. Pan Gamma Vi Gen agreed to take Mia to where she could locate the science in exchange of her virginity. (Don't get Pan wrong here, I believe he meant something else but at this moment, Mia's virginity is all I can guess.)
Kidou Senshi Gundam-san
2011-01-14
In the Kidou Senshi Gundam-san series:1) Saisho no Maki2) Tsuki no Maki3) Mittsume no Maki4) Yottsume no Maki
Living Dead
2011-01-14
From Manga UpdatesAoyama Keita had a crush on his classmate Haida Monako, but he was too shy to tell her. One day, when Haida suddenly passes away, he is finally able to confess to her through a letter he places at her funeral. Little does Keita know, she returns as a zombie and blackmails him into letting her stay with him with the threat that she will tell everyone about the love letter if he doesn't. Now Keita has to hide Haida from his parents, classmates and the outside world because everyone else thinks she is dead. To make matters worse, as a living dead, she craves flesh from time to time and Haida doesn’t care if it comes from Keita…
Love Seeker (Yaoi)
2011-01-14
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Love Seeker vol 1 is a series of two stories and one extra. While the two stories have little to do with each other, there are characters who are a part of each of the stories.Story 1 (chapter 1-2) Tomura is an office geek; small, shy, and someone easil
Midnight Sun
2014-03-11
About two boys named Shitou Teruaki and Ayatsuji Kaoru. Teruaki is a top-notch bounty hunter as is Kaoru. The story starts off with Teruaki being given a mission to track down a serial rapist and he unwittingly meets up with his rival "K"--also known as A
Mimi Wo Sumaseba
2011-01-14
Also known as "Whispers of the Heart." This heart warming manga was made into a world renowned anime by the famous Hayao MIYAZAKI / ??? and Studio Ghibli / ???????. Shizuku Tsukishima loves books. One day, she notices that the name Sei
Enma Gavel*
2011-02-25
Plot: Sousuke is the class president, and is a stickler for the rules. Lately, he's had lots of problems. First of all, he's got to deal with his cute, but unruly, childhood friend Miroku. Secondly, they have a new transfer student, Enma, who claims to be from hell. Enma refuses to follow any rules but his own. Lastly, there's the giant, mysterious claw marks that have been appearing all over school buildings. With all this trouble going on, will Sousuke follow the rules or learn that sometimes there are more important things?
Samurai Drive
2011-01-14
In modern-day Japan, only the direct descendants of samurai are allowed to carry swords. In Takahara Ibuki's neighbourhood, rumors have been spreading about Shiroyasha - a mysterious swordsman who is said to attack other swordsmen. Many skilled sword-fighters have converged in the city with the hope of hunting down Shiroyasha.On his way home from school, Ibuki witnesses a fight involving his classmate, Haruma Kokonoe, who is the strongest swordsman in their kendo club. Intrigued by Kokonoe's skill, he tries to discover more about this mysterious student...
Shaman King Flowers
2011-01-14
What is Shaman King Flowers? You need to read this series: 1- Shaman King 2- SK: Kang Zeng Bang (280-300 in Mangareader)
Violence Jack
2011-01-14
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. September 11, 197x, In the whole Kantou region a magnitude 8-9 violent earthquake occurred. Scholars called it the great destruction of the Showa Era, but the people called it the earthquake from hell! Volcanoes erupted, buildings crumbled, Tokyo became decimated in a single day. The government, after failing to recover the city, abandons Tokyo and moves the capital. The survivors form a society with no laws. In this harsh lawless world emerges Jack, a 10 foot giant who annihilates anyone and anything in his path. The manga details his journey.
Bousou Kareshi (Yaoi)
2011-02-11
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Collection of Short Stories / Oneshots1) Ardent CologneHaru always gets dumped and this last time, he get's so sad and drunk that he ends up buying a cologne from a street vendor which is suposed to 'make him popular'. He gives it a shot, only to realize that girls dislike the smell, but it drives men crazy. An incident with the school nurse culminates in Haru and Kou (his best friend) having sex. Does Kou really like him or is it the perfume?2) Dangerous Honey3) Pure-Love Full Throttle4) Little Devil Kiss5) Lovely Lover6) The Moment of ExcitementMy super strong classmate, Ran, is my cute lover. We are so in love! Or that’s how it’s supposed to be. I think he’s cheating on me! Bousou Kareshi features many other stories. Included is Keitachi’s meeting with the normally weak glasses boy. He loses his rationality and goes erotically wild! (From Blissful Sin)7) Love FighterCoincidentally, Seisuke met his beloved Hiyama Sempai in the street. The Two of them used to be in the Judo club in college, but since they graduated, they never met until that day, and all this time, Jim was harboring feelings toward his Sempai. (Ran, from the previous chapter, is Hiyama's son).*8) Wild BoyfriendContinuation of Chapter 69) Extra: Himura-Sensei's Depression
Sugar Code (Yaoi)
2011-12-17
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. From Nakama:When Takagi Akira, an owner of an apartment, was in town, he ran into a scene where a man, Oodoi, saved an old man from a gang. Akira fell for Oodoi’s manly courage and took him in his apartment. Oodoi found Akira’s apartment comfy and spent time there. Akira thought Oodoi's manly act was now part of the past... But when Akira was harassed by mobs and about to sell his apartment, it was Oodoi who saved his life. Truth is, Oodoi is a yakuza and…
Melty Blood X
2012-01-06
Yet another manga series based on a root from the Melty Blood franchise.Main characters are : Sion Eltnam Atlasia, Riesbyfe Stridberg, Yumizuka Satsuki and a fan favourite, Tohno Akiha.Â
Shin Sekai Yori
2012-11-12
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. The story is set in Japan a millennium from now. Five children — the protagonist Saki, Satoru, Maria, Mamoru, and Shun — have been born and raised in a tranquil town that can be described as a utopia, overflowing with water and green foilage. The world is ruled by people who have the "cursed power" or the "gods' power" of telekinesis.After a certain incident, Saki and the others come to realize the true nature of their world. Before long, they learn everything, including the bloody history that brought humanity to this state. The five throw themselves into life-threatening adventure and fighting to protect friends and a world on the brink of collapse.
Haru no Houtai Shoujo
2015-02-03
Haru, a fun, lovable, easygoing guy, has a problem, he burnt his girlfriend to death along with 5 buildings with his bare hands. What will happen to this human torch?
Touhou - Soshite Namae wo Yobutameni (Doujinshi)
2012-12-26
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised. Akyuu and Mokou talk about the different natures of their immortalities, and what it means to them.